You’re familiar with PV panels, but do you know about solar trackers? Though less known, they play a vital role in solar energy. They ensure that the panel consistently faces the sun, optimizing sunlight exposure. In this blog, let’s explore the working, types, applications, and costs of solar tracking systems.

Solar Tracking System

These trackers are commonly used for positioning solar panels to maximize sunlight exposure. This adjustment minimizes light reflection, allowing the panels to capture more solar energy. A smaller angle of incidence results in increased energy production by a solar PV panel.  Components of a solar tracker include:

  • Tracker Mount: Holds the panel in the correct inclined position.
  • Driver: Controls the rotation of the motor shaft.
  • Sensors: Detect parameters induced by the sun and provide output.
  • Motor: Controls the tracker’s movement.
  • Algorithm: Calculates the sun’s position using time, date, and geographical location.
  • Other elements include PV cells, PLC, signal processing units, sensors, electromagnetic, and mechanical motion control modules, along with power supply systems.

Solar Tracking System Working Principle

When sunlight intensity increases, the panel activates and sends information to the sensors. It then transmits the data to the PLC which compares the data and generates an output to turn the motor, rotating the panel to align it with the sun. A solar panel precisely perpendicular to the sun produces more power than one not aligned.

The main application of solar tracking system is to position solar photovoltaic (PV) panels towards the Sun. Most commonly they are used with mirrors to redirect sunlight on the panels.

Cross-Reference: Design and Implementation of High Efficiency Tracking System

Types of Solar Trackers

Based on how they work, their motion/flexibility, and type of tracker they are classified as follows:

ParametersType 1Type 2
WorkingPassive tracking devices use natural heat from the sun to move panels.Active tracking devices adjust solar panels by evaluating sunlight and finding the best position
Open Loop TrackersTimed trackers use a set schedule to adjust the panels for the best sunlight at different times of the day.Altitude/Azimuth trackers with a vertical main and a horizontal secondary axis accurately tracks the sun in 2 orthogonal dimensions.
Motion Or Directional FlexibilitySingle-Axis trackers adjust panels by rotating around 1 axis, typically aligned from North to South.Dual-Axis solar trackers enable panels to rotate on 2 axes, horizontally and vertically.

Also, go through the Types of Solar PV Modules Mounting Structure

Single Vs. Dual Axis Solar Trackers 

Aspect Single-axis Solar Trackers Dual-axis Solar Trackers 
Movement Rotates around one axisRotates on two axes
Directional Adjustment Moves panels from East to West to track the sun Adjusts panels in all directions – North, South, East, and West 
Efficiency Improvement Enhances efficiency without needing additional PV modules Maximizes solar energy generation throughout the year 
Installation Cost High initial installation cost Higher initial installation cost 
Recovery Period Prompt recovery of costs and expenditures Longer recovery period due to higher initial cost 
Tracking Capabilities Limited tracking capabilities compared to dual-axis trackers Advanced tracking capabilities with sensors and algorithms 
Suitable Locations Suitable for installations in sunny, flat areas Suitable for commercial properties with varying sun angles 

Active Vs. Passive Solar Tracker 

Aspect Active Solar Tracker Passive Solar Tracker 
Energy Source Requires an in-built energy supply to power motors or devices Utilizes heat from the sun to move panels without additional energy source 
Orientation Determination Use heat to tilt panels toward the sun Utilizes heat to tilt panels towards the sun 
Complexity More complex due to the involvement of mechanical devices Simplified mechanism with no mechanical parts 
Reliability Relies on energy supply for continuous operation Relies on natural heat cycles for movement 
Maintenance May require regular maintenance for mechanical components Generally lower maintenance due to fewer moving parts 
Suitable Applications Ideal for large and complex solar arrays Suitable for smaller installations and remote locations 

Also Read: Grounded Vs. Ungrounded PV Systems: 5 Key Differences

Pros and Cons of Solar Tracker System

The advantages and disadvantages of solar trackers are:

Pros Cons 
Boost the productivity potential increases ranging from 10% to 25% by providing elevated direct exposure to sunlight.Its initial investment cost is relatively high due to the presence of moving parts. 
Efficiently track the sun, resulting in better energy output. Requires more maintenance, with the level depending on the type and quality of the tracking system. 
Valuable tools for optimizing land use. Its installation involves significant site preparation, including additional trenching for wiring and grading. 
Monitoring its performance is easy and can be done directly from your PC. Not ideal in snowy weather and are more beneficial in hot climates.  

Solar Tracking System Price

types of solar tracking system

The tracking equipment alone can range from $500 to over $1,000 per panel. Adding solar trackers can significantly raise the price of a PV system installation. For instance, a standard 4-kilowatt ground-mounted solar system costs approximately $13,000.

If you opt for a single-axis tracking system on the same array, the total cost would increase to about $20,000. This represents a 57% premium over the fixed array cost for only a 35% increase in solar output. A dual-axis tracking system would be even more expensive, totaling around $26,000. This amounts to double the cost of the entire fixed ground-mounted system.

Note: Prices are subjected to change as per market rates and prices depending on your location and type of tracker you choose.

Is a Solar Tracking System Right For You?

This equipment significantly boosts power production in both ground-mounted and roof-mounted installations. However, it may not be suitable for every panel setup. It is mostly recommended for setups with limited space and high energy requirements.

You need to consider factors like climate, space, and shading before deciding on solar tracking. These tracking systems offer the most benefits in locations with high latitudes due to the sun’s yearly movements.

In conclusion, positioning a solar tracker directs the solar panels at an angle toward the sun. This advanced monitoring system rotates the panels to follow the sun’s movement across the sky, enabling the panel to optimize energy output. To learn more about solar content, check out our dedicated category.

Recommended: Why Are My Solar Panels Not Producing Enough Power?

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Olivia is committed to green energy and works to help ensure our planet's long-term habitability. She takes part in environmental conservation by recycling and avoiding single-use plastic.

1 Comment

  1. Manually operated solar frames relatively inexpensive and offer close to the same benefit as the single axis passive mount. You just adjust monthly to optimum angle.

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