Peak load or peak demand refers to the highest level of power consumption experienced by an electrical grid during a specific timeframe. In simpler terms, peaks occur when a significant number of buildings within a grid or system simultaneously require the maximum amount of electricity or power, typically during the afternoon hours, specifically between 3 pm and 5 pm. As each facility, residence, and business necessitates a particular amount of electricity to operate all electrical systems at any given moment, ensuring an adequate electricity supply to meet the highest demand of these establishments is one of the key responsibilities of the Independent System Operator (ISO).
If multiple buildings were to utilize all of their powered devices simultaneously, but the grid did not possess sufficient electricity to fulfill this demand, the grid’s power resources could be depleted, resulting in detrimental consequences such as brownouts, blackouts, and unforeseen disruptions.
Peak Load Example
An example of this load can be observed during a scorching summer day when air conditioning units in residential and commercial buildings are running at maximum capacity. As the temperature rises, a large number of buildings simultaneously demand high levels of electricity to cool their interiors. This surge in power consumption during the afternoon hours, typically between 3 pm and 5 pm, represents the peak load on the electrical grid. The grid must be prepared to supply sufficient electricity to meet this heightened demand and prevent potential issues such as brownouts or blackouts.
Also Read: What is an Electricity System?
Peak Load Power Plants
These power plants are deployed specifically to meet the increased electricity demand during peak periods. They are activated when there is a surge in demand and deactivated once the demand subsides. Several types of power plants are commonly used to address peak load requirements, including:
1. Gas Plants: Natural gas power plants are a common choice for peak load generation. They can be quickly started up and provide a reliable and efficient source of electricity during peak demand periods.
2. Solar Power Plants: Solar power plants, which harness energy from the sun, can contribute to meeting the demand of this load, especially in regions with ample sunlight.
3. Wind Turbines: Wind power plants, consisting of wind turbines, are another renewable energy option for peak load generation.
4. Diesel Generators: In situations where other power sources are limited, diesel generators can be employed for peak load power generation.
Must Read: What is Peak Demand?
