Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) ambitiously blend energy efficiency with on-site renewable energy to match consumption with production over time. It is typically a highly energy-efficient building connected to the grid. The concept involves using an electric grid or other energy networks to redistribute any excess on-site renewable energy to other users.
This attainable goal gains global traction as ZEBs, consuming no net energy and emitting zero carbon, emerge. They surpass standard structures in efficiency, generating on-site energy and operating off the grid. Aligned with environmental standards, ZEBs address critical challenges like climate change, pollution, and resource conservation. This building class demands minimal external energy, utilizing on-site or nearby renewables.
For enhanced efficiency, key considerations for creating a zero-energy structure include
- Sound construction, fireproofing,
- Insulation, efficient HVAC design,
- Smart window applications, LED lighting,
- Heat pump utilization.
Energy accounting for ZEBs encompasses various aspects such as heating, cooling, lighting, plug loads, and transportation within the building, including vehicle charging. While on-site renewable energy can offset delivered energy, non-renewable energy exported beyond the site boundary cannot be used to offset delivered energy according to ZEB energy accounting.
What Building Materials do Zero Energy Buildings Require?
To achieve the Zero Energy Building goal, the following materials can be used:
1. Green Roof:
- Utilizes a roof covered with local plants for insulation and cooling
- Captures rainwater in small tanks for plant irrigation
2. Glue Laminated Timber (GLT)
- A low carbon footprint enhances sustainability
- Reduces overall weight and structural damage during disasters
- GLT, a laminated wood glued together, replaces concrete and steel
3. Hollow Concrete:
- Walls constructed with hollow bricks filled with concrete
- Inner insulation prevents energy loss
- Blocks handle moisture and incorporate 50% fly ash for sustainability
Also See: What is Weatherization?
What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Zero Energy Building (ZEB)?
Zero-energy buildings remain a relatively recent innovation in the construction industry. Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with these energy-efficient structures.
Advantages of Zero Energy Building (ZEB):
- Improved Living Comfort: Provides increased comfort in daily living
- Decreased Monthly Living Expenses: Cut down on net monthly costs
- Enhanced Resale Value: Raises property value
- Long-Term Cost Efficiency: Proves economical in the long run
- Enhanced Reliability: Offers better reliability
- Sustainable Construction: Adheres to sustainable building practices.
- Protection from Future Energy Price Hikes: Shields from potential future energy rate increases
- Environmental Friendliness: Aligns with environmental sustainability
- Reduced Carbon Emissions: Lowers carbon footprint
Disadvantages of Zero Energy Building (ZEB):
- Limited Technological Expertise- Lack of widespread expertise in advanced technologies.
- Higher Initial Investment- Requires a significant upfront investment.
- Dependency on Advanced Technology- Relies on newer, relatively advanced technology.
Recommended: What is Green Building?